nginx学习之搭建高可用集群

我爱海鲸 2022-03-28 11:44:39 暂无标签

简介搭建高可用集群

什么是 nginx 高可用

（1）需要两台 nginx 服务器
（2）需要 keepalived
（3）需要虚拟 ip

配置高可用的准备工作
（1）需要两台服务器 192.168.17.129 和 192.168.17.131
（2）在两台服务器安装 nginx
（3）在两台服务器安装 keepalived
在两台服务器安装 keepalived
（1）使用 yum 命令进行安装
yum install keepalived –y

安装之后，在 etc 里面生成目录 keepalived，有文件 keepalived.conf

完成高可用配置（主从配置）

（1）修改/etc/keepalived/keepalivec.conf 配置文件

global_defs {
 notification_email {
 acassen@firewall.loc
 failover@firewall.loc
 sysadmin@firewall.loc
 }
 notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
 smtp_server 192.168.17.129
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
 script "/usr/local/src/nginx_check.sh"
 interval 2 #（检测脚本执行的间隔）
 weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state BACKUP # 备份服务器上将 MASTER 改为 BACKUP 
 interface ens33 //网卡
 virtual_router_id 51 # 主、备机的 virtual_router_id 必须相同
 priority 90 # 主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小
 advert_int 1
authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.17.50 // VRRP H 虚拟地址
 }
}

（2）在/usr/local/src 添加检测脚本

#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx –no-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
 sleep 2
 if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
 killall keepalived
 fi
fi

（3）把两台服务器上 nginx 和 keepalived 启动

启动 nginx：./nginx
启动 keepalived：systemctl start keepalived.service

最终测试
（1）在浏览器地址栏输入 虚拟 ip 地址 192.168.17.50

（2）把主服务器（192.168.17.129）nginx 和 keepalived 停止，再输入 192.168.17.50

1.1、Keepalived+Nginx 高可用集群（主从模式）

global_defs { 
 notification_email { 
 acassen@firewall.loc 
 failover@firewall.loc 
 sysadmin@firewall.loc 
 } 
 notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc 
 smtp_server 192.168.17.129 
 smtp_connect_timeout 30 
 router_id LVS_DEVEL 
} 
vrrp_script chk_http_port { 
 
 script "/usr/local/src/nginx_check.sh" 
 
 interval 2 #（检测脚本执行的间隔） 
 
 weight 2 
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { 
 state BACKUP # 备份服务器上将 MASTER 改为 BACKUP 
 interface ens33 //网卡 
 virtual_router_id 51 # 主、备机的 virtual_router_id 必须相同 
 priority 100 # 主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小 
 advert_int 1 
 authentication { 
 auth_type PASS 
 auth_pass 1111 
 } 
 virtual_ipaddress { 
 192.168.17.50 // VRRP H 虚拟地址 
 } 
} 
#!/bin/bash 
A=`ps -C nginx –no-header |wc -l` 
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then 
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
 sleep 2 
 if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then 
 killall keepalived 
 fi 
fi

（1）在所有节点上面进行配置

# systemctl stop firewalld //关闭防火墙
# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux //关闭 selinux，重启
生效
# setenforce 0 //关闭 selinux，临时生效
# ntpdate 0.centos.pool.ntp.org //时间同步
# yum install nginx -y //安装 nginx

（2）配置后端 web 服务器（两台一样）

# echo "`hostname` `ifconfig ens33 |sed -n 's#.*inet \(.*\)netmask.*#\1#p'`" > 
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html //准备测试文件，此处是将主机名和 ip 写到 index.html 页
面中
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf //编辑配置文件
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
 worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
 sendfile on;
 tcp_nopush on;
 tcp_nodelay on;
 keepalive_timeout 65;
 types_hash_max_size 2048;
 include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
 default_type application/octet-stream;
 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 server {
 listen 80;
 server_name www.mtian.org;
 location / {
 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
 }
 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
 }
}
# systemctl start nginx //启动 nginx
# systemctl enable nginx //加入开机启动

（3）配置 LB 服务器（两台都一样）

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
 worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
 sendfile on;
 tcp_nopush on;
 tcp_nodelay on;
 keepalive_timeout 65;
 types_hash_max_size 2048;
 include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
 default_type application/octet-stream;
 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 upstream backend {
 server 192.168.1.33:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
 server 192.168.1.34:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
 }
 server {
 listen 80;
 server_name www.mtian.org;
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://backend;
 proxy_set_header Host $host:$proxy_port;
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
 }
 }
}

 

# systemctl start nginx //启动 nginx 
# systemctl enable nginx //加入开机自启动

（4）在测试机（192.168.1.35）上面添加 host 解析，并测试 lb 集群是否正常。（测试机任意都可以，
只要能访问 lb 节点。）

[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.32 www.mtian.org
192.168.1.31 www.mtian.org
// 测试时候轮流关闭 lb1 和 lb2 节点，关闭后还是能够访问并看到轮循效果即表示 nginx lb 集群搭建
成功。
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl www.mtian.org
web02 192.168.1.34

（5）上面步骤成功后，开始搭建 keepalived，在两台 lb 节点上面安装 keepalived（也可以源码编译安
装、此处直接使用 yum 安装）

# yum install keepalived -y

（6）配置 LB-01 节点

[root@LB-01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
 notification_email {
 381347268@qq.com
 }
 smtp_server 192.168.200.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state MASTER
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 150
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.110/24 dev ens33 label ens33:1
 }
}
[root@LB-01 ~]# systemctl start keepalived //启动 keepalived
[root@LB-01 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived //加入开机自启动
[root@LB-01 ~]# ip a //查看 IP，会发现多出了 VIP 192.168.1.110
......
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:94:17:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.31/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global ens33
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.110/24 scope global secondary ens33:1
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:1744/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
......

（7）配置 LB-02 节点

[root@LB-02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
 notification_email {
 381347268@qq.com
 }
 smtp_server 192.168.200.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state BACKUP
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 100
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.110/24 dev ens33 label ens33:1
 }
}
[root@LB-02 ~]# systemctl start keepalived //启动 keepalived
[root@LB-02 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived //加入开机自启动
[root@LB-02 ~]# ifconfig //查看 IP，此时备节点不会有 VIP（只有当主挂了的时候，VIP 才会飘到备
节点）
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.1.32 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:6532 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
 ether 00:0c:29:ab:65:32 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
 RX packets 43752 bytes 17739987 (16.9 MiB)
 RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
 TX packets 4177 bytes 415805 (406.0 KiB)
 TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
......

（8）在测试机器上面访问 Keepalived 上面配置的 VIP 192.168.1.110

[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34
//关闭 LB-01 节点上面 keepalived 主节点。再次访问
[root@LB-01 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@node01 ~]# 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34
//此时查看 LB-01 主节点上面的 IP ，发现已经没有了 VIP
[root@LB-01 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.1.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:1744 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
 ether 00:0c:29:94:17:44 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
 RX packets 46813 bytes 18033403 (17.1 MiB)
 RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
 TX packets 9350 bytes 1040882 (1016.4 KiB)
 TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
...
//查看 LB-02 备节点上面的 IP，发现 VIP 已经成功飘过来了
[root@LB-02 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.1.32 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:6532 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
 ether 00:0c:29:ab:65:32 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
 RX packets 44023 bytes 17760070 (16.9 MiB)
 RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
 TX packets 4333 bytes 430037 (419.9 KiB)
 TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.1.110 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
 ether 00:0c:29:ab:65:32 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
...

到此，Keepalived+Nginx 高可用集群就搭建完成了。

1.2、Keepalived+Nginx 高可用集群（双主模式）

说明：还是按照上面的环境继续做实验，只是修改 LB 节点上面的 keepalived 服务的配置文件即可。此时
LB-01 节点即为 Keepalived 的主节点也为备节点，LB-02 节点同样即为 Keepalived 的主节点也为备节点。
LB-01 节点默认的主节点 VIP（192.168.1.110），LB-02 节点默认的主节点 VIP（192.168.1.210）

（1）配置 LB-01 节点

[root@LB-01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf //编辑配置文件，增加一段新的
vrrp_instance 规则
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
 notification_email {
 381347268@qq.com
 }
 smtp_server 192.168.200.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state MASTER
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 150
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.110/24 dev ens33 label ens33:1
 }
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
 state BACKUP
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 52
 priority 100
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 2222
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.210/24 dev ens33 label ens33:2
 }
}
[root@LB-01 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived //重新启动 keepalived
// 查看 LB-01 节点的 IP 地址，发现 VIP（192.168.1.110）同样还是默认在该节点
[root@LB-01 ~]# ip a
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:94:17:44 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.31/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global ens33
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.110/24 scope global secondary ens33:1
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:1744/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

（2）配置 LB-02 节点

[root@LB-02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf //编辑配置文件，增加一段新的
vrrp_instance 规则
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
 notification_email {
 381347268@qq.com
 }
 smtp_server 192.168.200.1
 smtp_connect_timeout 30
 router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 state BACKUP
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 51
 priority 100
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 1111
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.110/24 dev ens33 label ens33:1
 }
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
 state MASTER
 interface ens33
 virtual_router_id 52
 priority 150
 advert_int 1
 authentication {
 auth_type PASS
 auth_pass 2222
 }
 virtual_ipaddress {
 192.168.1.210/24 dev ens33 label ens33:2
 } 
}
[root@LB-02 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived //重新启动 keepalived
// 查看 LB-02 节点 IP，会发现也多了一个 VIP（192.168.1.210），此时该节点也就是一个主了。
[root@LB-02 ~]# ip a
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ab:65:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.32/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global ens33
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.210/24 scope global secondary ens33:2
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:6532/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

（3）测试

[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.210
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.210
web02 192.168.1.34
// 停止 LB-01 节点的 keepalived 再次测试
[root@LB-01 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.110
web02 192.168.1.34 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.210
web01 192.168.1.33 
[root@node01 ~]# curl 192.168.1.210
web02 192.168.1.34

测试可以发现我们访问 keepalived 中配置的两个 VIP 都可以正常调度等，当我们停止任意一台 keepalived
节点，同样还是正常访问；到此，keepalived+nginx 高可用集群（双主模式）就搭建完成了。

 

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