1、首先准备vm的虚拟机环境三台虚拟机：2核两g

安装wget: yum install wget

2、固定ip地址：参考文章  vm虚拟机centos7设置固定IP 

3、k8s的相关概念：参考文章 

k8s学习之作用，概念、架构 

k8s学习之kubernetes 集群命令行工具 kubectl 

准备环境

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.152.200 k8smaster
192.168.152.201 k8snode1
192.168.152.202 k8snode2
EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

4、安装docker：参考文章  docker学习

或者使用：

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version
Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a

$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet 

5、添加阿里云YUM软件源 

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

6、安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl 

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet

7、部署Kubernetes Master 

在Master执行。

kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.152.200 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。

使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes

8、加入Kubernetes Node 

在Node执行。

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

kubeadm join 192.168.152.200:6443 --token b8fssk.qfibp41mnhxrahnx \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d53fb2caed673c3970c0300e7376a5d56f7b1703da650042143a4b4968b7abf6 

默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，操作如下：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

9、部署CNI网络插件 

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

这个是国外的源 下载可能有问题，我直接下载下来了，如下：

在服务器上创建：vi kube-flannel.yml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

然后执行：

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

参考文章：

Kubernetes 安装flannel组件（本地 kube-flannel.yml 文件） 

默认镜像地址无法访问，sed命令修改为docker hub镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

node节点中使用 kubectl命令可能会存在如下问题

解决：

vi /etc/profile
在最后一行添加 
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
然后 source /etc/profile即可

参考文章：error: no configuration has been provided, try setting KUBERNETES_MASTER environment variable 

10、测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

拉取一个镜像
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx 
对外暴露端口
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
查看相关pod
$ kubectl get pod,svc

在浏览器中测试访问，任意一个node节点或者master节点的ip加上暴露的端口号，即可访问到nginx

http://192.168.152.200:30364/

http://192.168.152.201:30364/

http://192.168.152.202:30364/

如图：